Calakmul is a pre-Hispanic Mayan archaeological site, located in the southeast of the Mexican state of Campeche, in the Petén region, in the core of the Calakmul biosphere reserve of more than 700,000 ha, municipality of the same name and 35 kilometers from the border with Guatemala.
The site covers approximately 70 km² and has more than 6000 structures and became the capital of a regional state of approximately 13 000 km², having been, along with Tikal and Palenque, one of the great regional powers, during the classic period of the Mayan culture.
First recorded in 1931 by biologist Cyrus Longworth Lundell, it was first explored by the famous Mayanist Sylvanus Morley in 1932. However, it was not until half a century later, beginning in 1982, that large-scale excavations were conducted by William J Folan of the Center for Historical and Social Research of the Autonomous University of Campeche and the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico.
The study initiated by Folan's team, concluded that they were in front of a center of the Mayan civilization, of great proportions, determining that, according to the period, it came to have more allies and power than Tikal itself. In addition, from the 1990s, it was concluded that Calakmul belonged to a much larger organization; it was part of the so-called Kingdom of the Serpent (the Kingdom of Kaan), of which it was the capital.
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